1. Hearing Loss: Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) or noise-induced hearing loss is a leading cause of tinnitus. Damage to the tiny hair cells in the cochlea can lead to the brain misinterpreting auditory signals, resulting in the perception of sound.
2. Exposure to Loud Noise: Regular exposure to loud environments, such as concerts, industrial settings, or the use of headphones at high volumes, can damage hearing and lead to tinnitus.
3. Ear Infections and Blockages: Wax build-up, ear infections, or foreign objects in the ear can obstruct normal sound conduction, potentially causing tinnitus.
4. Medications: Certain medications, like high doses of aspirin, antibiotics, diuretics, or chemotherapy drugs, can have tinnitus as a side effect.
5. Medical Conditions: Issues such as Meniere’s disease, hypertension, cardiovascular problems, or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders can be associated with tinnitus.
6. Stress and Anxiety: Psychological factors do not directly cause tinnitus but can exacerbate its perception and intensity.

Diagnosing Tinnitus

Diagnosing tinnitus involves a thorough evaluation by an audiologist or an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist). This may include:

• Hearing tests to identify hearing loss.
• Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans to rule out structural abnormalities.
• Medical history review to identify potential contributing factors like medications or lifestyle habits.